Research Methods Paper- Explore either Attraction or Procrastination Essay

Research Methods Paper-Explore either Attraction or Procrastination - Essay Example Specifically, this examination would harp because of physical looks in building up a sentimental relationship. The investigation would utilize the regulating study strategy under engaging technique for inquire about. Clear regulating review is a reality discovering study which goes past unimportant social event and organization of information. This methodology endeavors to set up standards or norms dependent on a wide class of review information. Furthermore, it is utilized to gather socioeconomics information about people’s conduct, rehearses, expectations, convictions, mentalities, feelings, and decisions. Since this examination is worried about shared characteristic of certain components, the specialists would have the option to accumulate satisfactory and precise understandings on the perspectives of youthful people’s esteeming of physical looks while taking part in a sentimental relationship. The review strategy was picked for this task since it is a modest method of gathering even a lot of information. In any case, an overview can likewise be a disappointment if the poll is inadequately built and the usage of the study was not very much observed. Likewise, members may have undecided answers when gone up against with an answer decision. It should likewise be considered that predisposition can likewise happen when the testing isn't appropriately thought of. In any case, the study strategy would best fit the requirements of this exploration since the subjects are secondary school understudies and their observation can't be evaluated. The instrument that would be utilized to gather information is the survey. This was picked in light of the fact that it accumulates information quicker than some other technique. In addition, the respondents are secondary school understudies 13-16 who could without much of a stretch read the polls easily and full protection. Likewise, this technique is anything but difficult to use for countless members and can be organized and evaluated since it supplies normalized answers. Each question would be alloted a numerical code to facilitate the

The Transformation of Roger Chillingworth essays

The Transformation of Roger Chillingworth papers In the Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a young lady is up to speed in transgression between two men and bound to wear a letter An on her chest. Each of the three of the fundamental characters are miscreants. Hester Prynne submits adultry on her better half, Roger Chillingworth, with a clergyman of the name Arthur Dimmsdale. Roger Chillingworth experiences a change that changes him from a good man of honor, to a dubious, decided man, lastly to a man contrasted with the fallen angel. In the start of the novel, Chillingworth is viewed as a profoundly good medication man. From the start, the peruser nearly needs to feel for the elderly person due to his physical appearance and due to the way that his better half has an infant with another man. Yet, at that point, one understands that Chillingworths first sin was wedding Hester in light of the fact that he knew she never truly adored him. He concedes this to her while they aer talking in the prison cell. Mine was the principal wrong, when I double-crossed they growing youth into a bogus and unnatural connection with my rot. Chillingworth needs to know who the dad of Hesters infant, Pearl, is, however she won't tell. Desire and outrage start to consume Chillingworth. He is not, at this point the researcher he used to be, who devote his greatest years to take care of the ravenous dream of information. Slowly, Roger Chillingworths character starts to experience a change. In the novel, Chillingworth transforms from good to a dubious and vengful man. From the start, the Puritans get Chillingworth well, feeling that he will help Dimmsdale. ...that Heaven had created a flat out supernatural occurrence, by shipping a famous Doctor of Physic, from a German college, real through the air, and putting him down at the entryway of Mr. Dimmesdale's investigation! So, Chillingwoth starts rehearsing medication on Dimmsdale and gradually speculates his as Pearls father. Chillingworth over and over attempts to unwind Dimmesdales mystery and get him t... <!

Defeating Teacher Burnout

Defeating Teacher Burnout Being in the field of education, the term teacher burnout is thrown around quite a bit. In laymans terms, teacher burnout is what occurs when a teacher no longer has the energy or motivation to carry out their teaching profession. And throughout the path of becoming an educator, professors often warn prospective teachers of this trend. When I first became aware of teacher burnout, I was terrified and felt a bit hesitant to continue on the path toward education. Photo from LinkedIn But with nearly one semester of college under my belt, I am more excited than ever. I ended up being inspired by such a term and used it to motivate my James Scholar Capstone project. I learned that much of teacher burnout is due to stressors from parents, administration, and even from themselves. Thus, handling burnout is quite simple: put yourself first. I believe that every career path likely has some type of burnout present and that the solutions look the same in all cases. The important takeaway is that all careers are challenging, and all majors will have their hardships, as well. Putting your own emotional needs before a job is key and has been found to be the most successful way to avoid burnout. Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Frankenstein Compare/Contrast Essay - 922 Words

Maddie Mills October 19, 2010 CPBL, 5 Frank. Compare/Contrast Victor Frankenstein The novel Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley in 1818. This gothic romance novel tells the story of a philosopher who discovered how to create life, without the full knowledge that his actions could cause grave consequences. Universal Studios made the film version of this novel in 1931. Unfortunately, the film version of Frankenstein has more differences than similarities to the novel. In the novel, Victor’s mental obsession seems to be more severe than in the film. The character of Victor Frankenstein was portrayed in both the novel and the film as a veriphobe, or one who is afraid of the truth, in this case, the truth of his actions. He†¦show more content†¦Throughout his life, Victor is constantly frightened that the monster will come back for him. It is not until Elizabeth is killed that Victor overcomes his apprehension about the monster. He joins the villagers that are gathered outside and goes up into the mountains to search fearlessly for the monster. Victor goes out by himself and finds the monster. Victor doesn’t seem to be frightened when he confronts the monster, and ultimately is trying to kill him, which is similar to his motives at the end of the novel. Although the fearfulness and the change of motives are similar throughout the novel and the film, there are differences too. One difference that is seen in the variations between the novel and the film is the state of Victor’s mentality, and whether or not he has a complete obsession over his monster. While Victor is creating his monster in the novel, he does not receive any visitors. He does not have any assistants. He doesn’t even take time to reply to the letters sent by Elizabeth. During the creation of his monster, Victor goes into social withdrawal. Even after the monster is created, Victor seems to be obsessive compulsive about his monster. He becomes physically ill and seems to be mentally and physically unstable because of the escape of his monster. The only thing that he talks about or even thinks about during this time is the monster. Then, later on in the novel, after he meets with the monster inShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein Compare And Contrast Essay2089 Words   |  9 PagesMary W. Shelley’s brilliant gothic story, Frankenstein, is one that emits the prevalent theme of light versus dark, in which possesses obvious characteristics of a novel written during the romantic era. The novel tells the account of the overambitious Victor Frankenstein, who created a monster in hopes that he’d be known for crafting something human from the body parts of corpses with physical and mental advantages in society, basically playing the part of God on Earth, but through the auspices ofRead MoreCompare Contrast the Theme of Horror in Frankenstein and Macbeth1651 Words   |  7 PagesMichelle Cardwell English Literature – Understanding Literature Compare Contrast the use of ‘horror’ in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein The gothic horror genre is a favourite for many readers. We love the suspense and mystery, the desperation, the doom and gloom, the claustrophobia, even the blood. But most of all we love the fear - the feeling we get that gives us pathos with the protagonist that keeps us on the edge of our seats and propels us to turn the page. How doRead MoreCompare and Contrast: Frankenstein and Invisible Man821 Words   |  4 Pagesdreams causes him to walk over the feelings or goal of another, making a person fall victim to the other persons desires. Through themes such as hatred, betrayal, and revenge, two pieces of literature, Invisible Man written by Ralph Ellison, and Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley, support this statement to the fullest extent. In both stories, the main character becomes a victim to a person or persons seeking individual power. However, when both characters realize the betrayal of these people, theRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Picture Of Dorian Gray And Frankenst ein701 Words   |  3 PagesPicture of Dorian Grey, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, are considered classics in modern literature, as they are known for their captivating plot lines and unique writing styles. While both novels share similarities in their use of syntax, as well as their overall structure, The Picture of Dorian Grey and Frankenstein are almost complete opposites when it comes to the execution of these elements. The use of syntax in The Picture of Dorian Grey and Frankenstein are utilized for a similar reason, howeverRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Narrators in Gullivers Travels and Frankenstein, the Narrative Methods, and the Effects of These Different Ways of Telling a Story in Gullivers Travels and Frankenstein.1595 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast the narrators in Gulliver’s Travels and Frankenstein, the narrative methods, and the effects of these different ways of telling a story in Gulliver’s Travels and Frankenstein. Ravee Chen S2 English H Dr.Freisen 8 April 2010 Word count: 1491 Why do authors use different types of narrators? Jonathan Swift and Mary Shelly have both chosen a first-person narrator in their novels Gulliver’s Travels and Frankenstein. In Gulliver’s Travels theRead MoreCompare and contrast the Frankenstein novel and Coleridges rime of the ancient mariner in terms of narrative voice, theme and literary techniques1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe profound influence of Coleridges The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere is reflected in Shellys Frankenstein in terms of narrative structure, themes and literary techniques. This essay will compare and contrast the Frankenstein extract and the poem, The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere in three aspects, namely the narrating voice, the themes and the literary techniques used. In the Frankenstein passage, Victors creation, the creature, is the narrator. Here, a framed narrative is presentedRead MoreWrite an Essay on the Relationship Between Frankenstein and the Creature, and Compare/Contrast Their Relationship with That Exhibited Between Two Other Characters in One Other Text.2328 Words   |  10 Pagesdifferent books. In Mary Shelleys’ Frankenstein the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and The Monster he created will be discussed, by analysing both characters relationship to each other before detailing the effects this relationship had, on the others actions and how it led to their eventual downfall. In Matthew Lewis’ The Monk the relationship between Ambrosio and Matilda will be analysed and then compared to the aforementioned relationship in Frankenstein in order to highlight any similaritiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Bride Of Frankenstein 1514 Words   |  7 Pagesand contrasting them to concluded which out of the two is a better horror movie. The first movie that I watched for this discussion is the Bride of Frankenstein, this movie was made in 1935 and directed by James Whale. The Bride of Frankenstein is a sequel to The movie Frankenstein which follows the after math of the suspected death of Frankensteins monster. The second movie that I watched was The Conjuring 2 released in June,2016 and directed by James Wan. The Conjuring 2 follows two paranormalRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Caleb Williams 1168 Words   |  5 PagesIn A.D Harvey’s article â€Å"Frankenstein and Caleb Williams,† he explains that Mary Shelley’s famous work, Frankenstein; was not intended to be of any actual scientific evidence, but rather written just only with the intention of a gothic horror piece â€Å"we will each write a ghost story† (Frankenstein Author’s introduction vii). Harvey’s target is to reach out to the science community and to sway them to loo k past the mechanics of how Frankenstein’s monster is created and focus on other points of interestRead MoreEssay on The Role of Female Characters in Frankenstein1459 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine Mary Wollstonecraft Shelleys Frankenstein, the great work of literature, without, for example, such female characters as Mrs. Margaret Saville, Elizabeth Lavenza, and Justine Moritz? In this case the novel will have no meaning. All the women help to develop the plot, and without them Frankenstein will lose its spirit. Although these heroines have a lot in common in their characters: they are all strong-willed, kind, careful, and selfless, at the same time, each of them is unique

The First Major Crisis Of Slavery - 890 Words

Many historical factors such as the abolitionist movement changed the pro-slavery movement from the period of the American Revolution up to the American Civil War. The first major crisis of slavery began during the American Revolution. The American Revolution was a war among the American colonies and Great Britain starting in the year of 1775 and ending in the year of 1783. The American civil war began in the year of 1861 and lasted until the year of 1865. Their goal in the Pro- Slavery movement was to keep slavery because thought slavery was the only reason they were still profiting and surviving during that particular period. To begin with, Frederick Douglass, a former slave wrote and spoke about the establishment of slavery and southern culture based on his youthful experiences as a slave. Douglass is a powerful speaker for the abolitionist movement and became a leader of the anti-slavery movement. One of the main reasons for his writing of the Narrative was to prove to critics that such a well-spoken and expressive man could not have once been a slave. Douglas eventually gains the resources and convictions to escape to the North and wage a political fight against the institution of slavery. I believed that his most inspirational saying was when Douglass said, â€Å"I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong.† I would like to mention how the Grimke Sisters, who were named Angelina and Sarah Grimke was known as one of the very first women to speakShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cause of the American Civil War1732 Words   |  7 Pageslife. Yes, slavery was a cause of the war, but that was not one of the central causes that popular belief has engrained in us all, however, the role that slavery had will be discussed. These reasons all-fed off each other, which eventually resulted in the bloodiest war in American history and affected almost every single American family. The first cause, that was most the popular belief for the cause of the Civil War, was the idea of slavery. Thomas Jefferson believed that slavery was, â€Å"RockRead MoreThe Civil War1126 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the two ‘colonies’. Looking at all the events that did lead to the Civil War I have come to the conclusion that there were three broad causes which lead to the Civil War. The three major causes of the Civil War are the challenges over: political disputes, slavery, and tariffs. The Election of 1860 was a major political event. The four presidents running were Abraham Lincoln, J.C. Breckenridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell. Since Abraham Lincoln was the only Republican amongst the four runningRead MoreThe Worsening Crisis, By The Dred Scott Decision `` And `` The Panic Of 1857 ``1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe Worsening Crisis Hist 1301 Sadhana Malla Thakuri The Worsening Crisis, it occurred between the period of 1857-1861 during the presidency of James Buchanan. It includes â€Å"The Dred Scott Decision† and â€Å"The Panic of 1857. In addition, it also talks about the Lecompton Constitution and the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. This documents mostly covers the South and North issues during 18s. In the Worsening Crisis record, it involved the â€Å"Dred Scott Decision† which arose different conflicts whether the slavesRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 Pagesand the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in place since the constitution. Under the terms of the agreement, the North would not interfere with slavery in the Southern States, and the South would recognize slavery as an evil that should be discouraged and eventually abolished wheneverRead MoreCauses of the American Civil War Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesand surrendered on April 9th, 1865 but not before the war had caused 618,000 deaths, more than any other war in U.S. history.(1) In truth, many believe this horrible war was fought purely over the issue of slavery. Nothing could be further from the truth. I am not denying that slavery was a major cause and issue of the civil war, but social and economic differences as well as states’ rights were just as important issues and I will be discussing all three. Why were the southern states so dependentRead MoreThomas Paine, an American Philosopher1267 Words   |  6 PagesMagazine. His first article of the Pennsylvania Magazine was about the African Slave Trade and was called â€Å"African Slavery in America† (http://www.biography.com). This article was written based on the slavery issues that were occurring in the United States at the time. Paine would later write many more works on controversial issues such as the revolution against Britain’s government and the independence of the American people. Some of Paine’s most famous works included Common Sense, The Crisis, and AgeRead MoreThe Abolition Movement1079 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of these goals distinguished abolitionists from the broad-based political opposition to slavery’s westward expansion that started in the North after 1840 and raised issues leading to the Civil War. Yet, these two expressions of hostility to slavery were often closely related not o nly in their beliefs and their interaction but also in the minds of southern slaveholders who finally came to consider the North as united against them in favor of black emancipation. Although abolitionist feelingsRead MoreEssay on The Failure of James Buchanan 1375 Words   |  6 Pagesdid not prove to be this leader. Instead, his platform was based on a deliberate failure to lead. Due to James Buchanan’s position that supported popular sovereignty in the expanding United States, the country divided even further over the topic of slavery to the point that the Civil War became inevitable. One of Buchanan’s most significant failures came in regards to the Dred Scott case. Although he had good intentions in how he wanted to handle this case, he did a terrible job. Phillip AuchampaughRead MoreImpact Of LOuverture On The Haitian Revolution1514 Words   |  7 Pages Among the many men, women, and children that had a major influenced the revolution and its outcome by causing a conflict against the French government, was Mr. L’ouverture. L’ouverture was a freed slave that grew up as a plantation slave with an educated parent who thought him to read and write as a child, which would eventually help by mowing what treaty said and how to read and write messages during his time of command. He had a major role and influence on the outcome of the revolution, asRead MorePolitical Figures Henry Clay And Andrew Jackson1232 Words   |  5 PagesJackson and Clay also played major roles in the â€Å"creation of America’s two party system† during the growing tension over Democracy (Watson 1). As individuals, the men appealed greatly to the ordinary voters wants for America’s future as well as promoted economic development. During the mid 1800’s, many changes were happening in the nation. To start off, economic development was a major concern. The Cotton Kingdom was becoming dominant in the Southern economy and slavery was still expanding. Andrew

Leadership Path-Goal Theory Free Essays

string(192) " performance and relationship Before making a decision, critically analyzing the consequences and the action itself will provide some ethical enlightenment to the problem that is being faced\." Introduction Leadership is a serious task that has to betaken by those who are able to understand the society in an objective way. Certainly, the idea of becoming a leader requires serious thinking.   Becoming a leader requires efforts that start with personal development and adjustments. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Path-Goal Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are numerous theories and practices that help the hopeful leaders in becoming the person that they want to be. In the paper to follow, a reflection on one’s ability and self-improving processes would be discussed in the view of the author of this paper. Being a leader is a serious task that requires serious effort and determination to adjust on the part of the person who wants to pursue on being a leader in his or her own field of interest. As Peter Northouse refer to leadership as a â€Å"change that would affect the whole personality of an individual†(2006, 16). It is not true that leaders are born, they are made. Through self-restructuring of themselves, the leaders of today have sprung out from actually being nothing to becoming influential personalities in the human society. How? Because of their determination to make a change to the society that rooted out from the changes that they had to make on themselves in the first place. This is the reason why in this paper, a self-examination process shall be utilized to learn the importance of self-adjustment in becoming a leader. Leadership is one of the most common practices that is found and applied on the different organizations around the world. The need for governance has mainly increased the pressure on institutions specializing in educating aspiring leaders with the needed skills that they are expected to have when they are already working on their own fields of interest. Leadership for many is a virtue learned through the experience of becoming great followers. It requires effort and ample time before it could be said to be the perfect way of showing leadership.   It could be obviously seen how much the people who are considered leaders in the world are viewed as exemplary people and not as people who knows only to command and drives other to work. When it comes to the business industry, the character involving refined leadership is a must to be possessed by everyone. Yes, as leadership itself has strongly affected the lives of many people in the business industry, it indeed is an important character. The idea of being a leader itself is never that easy. Though, through careful and patient learning in adjusting one’s self to be able to adapt to the necessary needed characters of a leader, a refined leadership is never that impossible to acquire. When it comes to the definition of leadership, many groups or organizations have their own view of the characters and responsibilities involved in being a leader. As for example,   House defines â€Å"leadership† organizationally and narrowly as â€Å"the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members† (House, R. J. 2004: page 15). Indeed, the success of the leader would naturally determine the success of the organization he or she is acquainted with. This is the main reason why many people tend to really deeply learn the art of leadership. Mainly aiming to alleviate the effectiveness of one’s leadership skills, leadership schools and courses were opened especially regarding the business industries. This is the reason why the need for path-goal theory application is an insisted demand upon those individuals who are longing to become effective le aders of the organizations that they are aiming to serve. How the Path-Goal Theory is Effectively Utilized The path goal theory is more of a directive motivation on the part of the individuals who are aiming to become leaders of their own groups. The idea is to motivate themselves to motivate others. It is undeniable that people get personal motivation from different areas of life. They naturally get influenced by the different systems of understanding that they particularly grow fond of as they deal with the different challenges that they need to face as individuals everyday. These growth sources could be both derived from theoretical assessments of the situation along with the experiential measure of the situation. It is undeniably true that experience itself makes the theoretical background of each individual grow to a more applicable aspect of learning on the part of each person’s growth. Theoretical learning aspects could be sourced out from institutional instructions while that of the actual learning aspect could be sourced out from on the job trainings or from actual based experiences. Self-learned theories could be observed to have the personal impact of insisting administrative practice of leadership upon a person’s life. How could self-assessment be performed by an individual wanting to be an effective leader? Applying Personal Growth in Leading the Group Being a leader requires many humane aspects in different personality region. Mainly, it requires psychological stability for holding together the team which is to be lead or the subordinates, mental capacity for making critical reasoning and proper judgment, and sociological for relating with the people within the team. Certain traits aside from these are also much required such as interpersonal charisma and pleasing personality. All of these are vital in leadership because of the main fact that the people within the team will look up to him or her for the decisions, actions and guidance thus his or her responsibility is quite complex and morally challenging (Lashway, 1996). Since being a leader is an important task and it deals with people, performing it involves many moral and ethical aspects and if these issues are in contrast with the leader’s personal values then severe contradictions can occur. Thus, the personal ethics is important in playing the role of a leader because whatever the leader’s moral values are will reflect to his team thus influencing their performance and relationship Before making a decision, critically analyzing the consequences and the action itself will provide some ethical enlightenment to the problem that is being faced. Though taking the job, which is considered unethical, would not compromise the moral values of the person, it will surely affect the conscience and the performance of the person and being a leader, this scenario would not post pleasant environment. Considering the impact of the unethical nature of the company would give the applicant a broader contextual perception of the dilemma. (Center for Ethics and Business, 2006). Thus, by looking at the problem completely then other perspective can be considered such as the consequences that the person can do to influence the ethical position of the company. As a leader in the company, the person can establish certain ethical policies that can promote positive outcomes instead of solely focusing on the negative aspect of the company. As an example, making policies and regulation that strongly prohibits smoking among the minors or launching campaigns educating the public regarding ideas of moderate smoking which would increase the pleasant appeal of the company to the society. It may sound very idealistic but it will surely affect the ethical and moral perception of the people with the company thus reflecting positive economic asset to the enterprise itself. A leader has the responsibility to promote the moral values and ethics in his or her work place and this also includes the company’s image itself. By being a leader, a person powers can extend to aspect such as creating an ethical environment regarding the employment he or she pursue with moral adhesion. Instead of seeing a certain job as something unethical, consider a perspective of how a person can make a certain job ethical for himself or herself and the social community they belong lived in. Dealing with such issues of organizational assistance of truthfully realizing their organization’s worth to the society should be faced with the leader with integrity and power over what is wrong. How does he know what is wrong? The theoretical background that he may have learned from school or other instructional institutions that he has attended may as well serve well in these particular situations. Whereas on the other hand, his personal experiences on the matter could profoundly assist him in making considerable decisions that are bound to do something that is progressive for the entire business. The present world is beset with problems that defy solution. So as to be able to meet the challenges of becoming a fine leader for the majority, this paper then requires personal adjustments on a hopeful leader. As it is believed by Northouse, a leader is someone who has competencies in changing the society by starting within himself. (2006, 25) Yes, changing the society is a large responsibility. Providing the people of what they need is a vital part of the responsibilities of being a leader. A hopeful leader could not attain the said goals and complete the said responsibilities without working on his personality first. Not unless he is able to reach his best potential as a person would he be able to bring out the best potential on others that could help them attain their dreams as well. Yes, personal development is essential for creating a leader within one’s self. Realizing one’s personal capabilities and limitations would help one recognize that others too have their own limitations and capabilities. People who have the capability of seeing people as persons who are capable of improving and developing are the ones who become successful leaders of the society. Applying the Leadership Concepts as Learned from Theory and Experience There are different issues of leadership that each person faces in terms of organizational administration. It is indeed helpful that one knows how to deal with each situation as one actually differs from the other. There are at least five major ways of leadership that could be applied in this particular situation of personal growth. Model the Way This particularly refers to the ability of the appointed leaders to become role models for other members of the group. The fact that they are placed in position, means that they have a certain characteristic that is   particularly inspiring. The utilization of the said character shall help the leader set a pattern for others to follow. Once the road has been set, the reality of success is not that hard to foresee. Inspire a Shred Vision Unity is one of the primary reasons behind the success of different organizations. Once each member is able to envision the real goal of the organization as to where they are actually headed to, the inspiration begins. Indeed, everyone has the right to get involved in what is happening and thus be able to understand where the direction of the group is taking them. Challenge the Process Challenging the process does not mean changing the procedures of the organization abruptly. With ample time of adjustment and informing the members of the changes that are to be made, the procedural changes could occur. From this particular way, the organization is beginning to open its doors to other alternatives of meeting the goals of the group. However, to do so, careful planning and examination of the possibilities should be done. Enable Others to Act Including other members of the group within the system of procedural arrangements is one type of motivation that makes everyone in the organization feel that they are of great use for the achievement of the group’s goal. Hence, achieving the goals with them leaves them with the satisfaction of work that they primarily expect from the group upon joining. Encourage the Heart Simply involving the members within the job are not enough. Leaders ought to encourage their members through making them realize of their worth to the group. To do so, the leaders are expected to be able to figuratively touch the hearts of the members of the group so as to empower them to perform better not only for the organization’s sake but for their own benefit as well. Through the consideration given to the five steps of leadership as enlisted above, it could be expected that the appointed authorities would be equipped with the necessary skills that they need to set a straight path for success for the entire organization. However, to do so, it should be remembered that the effective utilization of empowering communication should be applied as well. Without the existence of the said connection between the leaders, the victory that is being achieved may not become reality at all. Conclusion Setting path-goal theory as a major source of improvement upon organizations is a primary effective process of strengthening the capability of the leaders and of the other members as well to face the different issues that the entire groups need to face with everyday.   This particularly means that the changes that organizations are required to meet every now and then require an ample amount of patience and courage from the leaders. Aside from that, it also requires sturdiness when it comes to decision making on the part of the leaders. The policy of â€Å"what must be implemented must be implemented† should always be carried on through by the leaders with an ample scaling of the ethical values that are involved within the situation. Yes, the fact that leadership is not an easy challenge that needs to be conscientiously met identifies the qualities and the attitudes that leaders or aspiring organizational head personnel should posses. Hence, a leader is then supposed to face the said challenges in full courage and knowledge of the strategies that need to be applied in particular situations that they are to meet. Changes need to happen individually. However, making a leader out of one’s self is not an easy task. As they say, the worst enemy one could ever have is one’s own self. This is why learning the art of leadership requires the determination to do well on the said matter. If one is determined to become the best leader he could be, he should be able to accept self-changes and adjustments to be able to attain the goals of becoming and efficient leader. Hence by becoming individually effective as a leader, the learning of theoretical leadership along with the implication of the learning that one gains from experience could be established well as part of the major aspects of application that could be utilized for establishing a fine practice of leadership as per noted by an individual upon himself and his colleagues as well. Through personal assessment of the matter, motivating people would become an easier task on the part of the leader himself. References: Bolman, L.G. Deal, T.E. (2003) Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Howard Garland. Relation of Effort-Performance Expectancy to Performance in Goal-Setting Experiments. Departments of Management and Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington. Journal of Applied Psychology. 1984, Vol 69, No 1, 79-84. Thomas W. Lee. Explaining the Assigned Goal-Incentive Interaction: The Role of Se/f-Efficacy and Personal Goals. Journal of Management 1997, Vol. 23, No. 4, 541-559. How to cite Leadership Path-Goal Theory, Essay examples

My Reaction Paper for Noli Me Tangere free essay sample

The title of this novel Noli Me Tangere is a Latin words meaning in tagalong â€Å"HuwagMo Akong Salingin†. Jose Rizal, our national hero is the writer of this novel, where in, thisnovel was written during his time, where in, the exact year was 1884, he was in Madrid taking upmedicine when he write this novel. When he finished his course (Medicine), he went to Paris andcontinue writing this novel. In Berlin , Jose Rizal finished the last part of this novel.This novelwas written to remind us the bad things that Jose Rizal experienced during his time by theSpanish. From the very start of this novel, the first plan of our  national hero is, to  write this novelwith the help of his countryman that is also suffering to the hands of the Spanish, but suddenlyhe failed to do it with the help of his countryman, because his countryman loose their hope infulfilling their dreams to have freedom in the hands of the Spanish colonies. We will write a custom essay sample on My Reaction Paper for Noli Me Tangere or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jose Rizal, did notgive up, because he continue write this novel without the help of his countryman, and he decidedto write it by himself only. The first chapter of this novel was entitled â€Å"the paging†, where in, inthis chapter stated the lifestyle of Don Santiago de los Santos also known as Kapitan Tiago, hewas from Binondo and he was the step father of Maria Clara according to this chapter. In thischapter, the other characters was Padre sibyla, Padre Damaso, and Tenyente Guevarra.According to this chapter, kapitan tiago invited the said characters to go to his house and have asimple gathering, but suddenly it came to a fight between Padre Damaso and Tenyente Guevarra  because of the ereheng namatay. Padre Sibyla stops the rivalry between the two. The secondchapter was entitled â€Å"Ang binatang si Crisostomo†. Where in in, this chapter, Kapitan Tiago  present Don Crisostomo Ibarra to the priest, the son of his deceased friend named Don RafaelIbarra.

The type of hypersensitivity Essay Example

The type of hypersensitivity Essay Example The type of hypersensitivity Essay The type of hypersensitivity Essay Section 2: Describe in inside informations three pathologies characterized by Type IV immune reactions. Hypersensitivity is the organic structure s overdone response to an allergen. The type IV hypersensitivity besides called delayed type hypersensitivity ( DTH ) as it takes 2-3 yearss for reaction to develop after exposure is a cell mediated immune response. The reaction does non affect antibodies but is due to interaction of T cells with antigens. The T cells involved in reactions are the memory cells derived from anterior stimulation to same antigen. Two common illustrations of DTH are the tuberculin type and contact type hypersensitivity ( Playfair and Chain, 2009 ) . The measure wise activity in Type IV is as follows: Antigen APC macrophage macrophage activated granuloma formation The tuberculin trial, allergic reaction to metal salts and little reactive chemicals coupled to haptens, rejection of transplanted variety meats and tegument contact reaction to poison Hedera helixs are illustrations of type IV hypersensitivity. Tuberculosis: Mycobacteria TB, an obligatory aerophilic intracellular pathogen enters the host via the respiratory path. The alveolar macrophages cause phagocytosis of bacteriums and cell mediated unsusceptibility develops and there is an inflow of lymph cells and activated macrophages into the lesion ensuing in granuloma formation. These bacilli remain in the granuloma and may acquire reactivated ( Reviewed in Raja, 2004 ) . When the host fails to support itself, the prevailing antigen provokes a chronic local DTH reaction. Continuous release of cytokines from the sensitized T lymphocytes leads to macrophage accretion many of which signifier epithelioid cells while others form multinucleate giant cells. Macrophages bearing bacterial antigen become marks for cytotoxic T-cells. Tissue harm occurs due to cytokine activated macrophages. The Mantoux reaction is characterized by erythema and sclerosis on shooting tuberculin into cell mediated immune person. Chronic granulomas are conseque nces of the above ( Delves and others, 2006 ) . Contact Dermatitis: This is a type of DTH response. It can happen in people who become sensitized while working with chemicals such as picryl chloride and chromates, methanal, trinitrophenol, Ni, gum terpentine, and active agents in assorted cosmetics and hair dyes. Poison oak and toxicant Hedera helixs are mediated by Th1cells. The mechanism involves the contact between the low molecular weight stuffs that are able to adhere to the peptides within the MHC channels on the surface of the Langherhans cells ( antigen showing cells ) to organize antigens. The Th1 cells sensitize to organize allergic Th1 cells. Subsequent interaction or exposure consequences in cytokine production that takes along clip. Chemical reaction is accompanied by hydrops of the cuticle with microvesicle formation. Skin testing is done to observe hypersensitivity. Patch trial is used to name patients with DTH ( Kindt and others, 2007 ; Delfs and others,2006 ) Contact sensitiveness ( CS ) , a signifier of DTH holding a T cell mediated response that occurs after exposure to haptens is characterized by subsequent leucocyte infiltration into tissue and hydrops on rhenium exposure. A survey on this was done to understand the map of mast cells and their function in contact hypersensitivity. ( Norman et al. , 2008 ) Type 1 Diabetes mellitus: It is a metabolic upset characterized by hyperglycaemia and is associated with entire or about lacking insulin due to pancreatic beta cell devastation. The pathogenesis involves the cytotoxic T lymph cell infiltration that lead to insulitis and affects the beta cells. Activated T lymphocytes cause cytokines formation ensuing in CD8+ cytotoxicity. The progresss converge towards the end of developing an antigen-specific immunotherapy for Type 1Diabetes ( Tsai et al.,2008 ) . Drumhead: Cell mediated hypersensitivity has been demonstrated in fungous diseases such as moniliasis, dermatophytosis, coccidioidiomycosis and histoplamosis and parasitic disease leshmaniasis. Crohn s disease and ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease belonging to the inflammatory intestine disease ( IBD ) exist as entities ensuing from dysregulated mucosal immune response to microbic antigens. Crohn s disease is characterized by transmural granulomatous redness affecting the full wall signifier mucous membrane to serosa. There is development of fibrosis, micro perforations, and fistulous witherss. Through out the GI piece of land redness seen. Organ specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, is a cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Psoriasis and Sarcoidosis are besides upsets of the delayed type of hypersensitivity ( James, 2000 ) . All of the above mentioned diseases show the type IV Hypersensitivity reactions. Mention: Delfs PJ. , Martin SJ. , BurtonDR. , Roitt IM. ( 2006 ) Roitt s Essential Immunolgy. 11th ed.Blackwell publication. The different types of type IV hypersensitivity reaction are explained along with clinical manifestations. Fauci, Braunwald, et al. ( 2009 ) . Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th Ed, vol. 1, 2. McGraw Hill Medical. James, DG. ( 2000 ) A clinicopathological categorization of granulomatous upsets. Post grad Med Journal, 76 ( 898 ) Aug, pp. 457-465. Detailed information on granuloma formation. Kindt TJ. , Goldsby RA. and Osborne BA. , ( 2007 ) Kuby Immunology. 6th erectile dysfunction. New York. W.H.Freeman and company. Norman MU. , Hwang J, Hulliger S, Bonder CS, Yamanauchi J, Santamaria P and Kubes P. ( 2008 ) Mast Cells Regulate the Magnitude and the Cytokine Microenvironment of the Contact Hypersensitivity Response. Am J Pathology,172 ( 6 ) June, pp.1638-1649. Detailed account about contact hypersensitivity and mast cells functional function in ths hypersensitivity. Playfair, JHL. And Chain, BM. ( 2009 ) Immunology at a Glance.9th erectile dysfunction. London, Wiley-Blackwell. Introduction and background cognition to type IV hypersensitivity. Raja, A. ( 2004 ) Review article: Immunology of Tuberculosis. Indian Journal of Medical Research 120, October, pp. 213-232. Detailed description of Tuberculosis and related immunological facets. Tsai, S. , A. Shameli, Santamaria P. ( 2008 ) . CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes. Adv Immunol 100, pp. 79-124.

A History of Camels in the US Army

A History of Camels in the US Army A plan by the U.S. Army to import camels in the 1850s and use them to travel through vast stretches of the Southwest seems like some comical legend that never could have happened. Yet it did. Camels were imported from the Middle East by a U.S. Navy ship and used in expeditions in Texas and California. And for a time the project was thought to hold enormous promise. The project to acquire camels was masterminded by Jefferson Davis, a powerful political figure in 1850s Washington who would later become the president of the Confederate States of America. Davis, serving as secretary of war in the cabinet of President Franklin Pierce, was not a stranger to scientific experiments, as he also served on the board of the Smithsonian Institution. And the use of camels in America appealed to Davis because the War Department had a  serious problem to solve. Following the end of the Mexican War, the United States acquired vast tracts of unexplored land in the Southwest. And there simply was no practical way to travel in the region. In present day Arizona and New Mexico there were virtually no roads. And going off any existing trails meant venturing into country with forbidding terrain ranging from deserts to mountains. Water and pasturage options for horses, mules, or oxen were non-existent or, at best, hard to locate. The camel, with its reputation for being able to survive in rough conditions, seemed to make scientific sense. And at least one officer in the U.S. Army had advocated for the use of camels during military campaigns against the Seminole tribe in Florida in the 1830s. Perhaps what made camels seem like a serious military option were reports from the Crimean War. Some of the armies engaged used camels as pack animals, and they were reputed to be stronger and more reliable than horses or mules. As leaders of the American military often tried to learn from European counterparts, French and Russian armies deploying camels in a war zone must have given the idea an air of practicality. Moving the Camel Project Through Congress An officer in the U.S. Armys quartermaster corps, George H. Crosman, first proposed the use of camels in the 1830s. He thought the animals would be useful in supplying troops fighting in the rough conditions of Florida. Crosmans proposal went nowhere in the Army bureaucracy, though it apparently was talked about enough that others found it intriguing. Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate who spent a decade serving in frontier Army outposts, became interested in the use of camels. And when he joined the administration of Franklin Pierce he was able to advance the idea. Secretary of War Davis submitted a lengthy report which took up more than an entire page of the New York Times of December 9, 1853. Buried in his various requests for Congressional funding are several paragraphs in which he made the case for appropriations for study the military use of camels. The passage indicates that Davis had been learning about camels, and was familiar with two types, the one-humped dromedary (often called the Arabian camel) and the two-humped central Asian camel (often called the Bactrian camel): On the older continents, in regions reaching from the torrid to the frozen zones, embracing arid plains and precipitous mountains covered with snow, camels are used with the best results. They are the means of transportation and communication in the immense commercial intercourse with Central Asia. From the mountains of Circassia to the plains of India, they have been used for various military purposes, to transmit dispatches, to transport supplies, to draw ordnance, and as a substitute for dragoon horses.Napoleon, when in Egypt, used with marked success the dromedary, a fleet variety of the same animal, in subduing the Arabs, whose habits and country were very similar to those of the mounted Indians of our Western plain. I learn, from what is believed to be reliable authority, that France is about again to adopt the dromedary in Algeria, for a similar service to that in which they were so successfully used in Egypt.For like military purposes, for express and for reconnaissances, it is believed the dromedary would supply a want now seriously felt in our service; and for transportation with troops rapidly moving across the country, the camel, it is believed, would remove an obstacle which now serves greatly to diminish the value and efficiency of out troops on the western frontier.For these considerations it is respectfully submitted that the necessary provision be made for the introduction of a sufficient number of both varieties of this animal to test its value and adaptation to our country and our service. It took more than a year for the request to become a reality, but on March 3, 1855, Davis got his wish. A military appropriations bill included $30,000 to fund the purchase of camels and a program to test their usefulness in Americas southwestern territories. With any skepticism tossed aside, the camel project was suddenly given considerable priority within the military. A rising young naval officer, Lieutenant David Porter, was assigned to command the ship sent to bring back the camels from the Middle East. Porter would go on to play a critical role in the Union Navy in the  Civil War, and as Admiral Porter he would become a revered figure in late 19th century America. The U.S. Army officer assigned to learn about camels and acquire them, Major Henry C. Wayne, was a West Point graduate who had been decorated for valor in the Mexican War. He later served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. The Naval Voyage to Acquire Camels Jefferson Davis moved quickly. He issued orders to Major Wayne, directing him to proceed to London and Paris and seek out experts on camels. Davis also secured the use of a U.S. Navy transport ship, USS Supply, which would sail to the Mediterranean under the command of Lt. Porter. The two officers would rendezvous and then sail to various Middle Eastern locations in search of camels to purchase. On May 19, 1855, Major Wayne departed New York for England aboard a passenger ship. The USS Supply, which had been specially outfitted with stalls for camels and a supply of hay, left the Brooklyn Navy Yard the following week. In England, Major Wayne was greeted by the American consul, future president James Buchanan. Wayne visited the London zoo and learned what he could about the care of camels. Moving on to Paris, he met with French military officers who had knowledge of using camels for military purposes. On July 4, 1855, Wayne wrote a lengthy letter to Secretary of War Davis detailing what he had learned during his crash course in camels. By the end of July Wayne and Porter had met up. On July 30, aboard USS Supply, they sailed for Tunisia, where an American diplomat arranged a meeting with the countrys leader, the Bey, Mohammad Pasha. The Tunisian leader, when hearing that Wayne had bought a camel, presented him with a gift of two more camels. On August 10, 1855, Wayne wrote to Jefferson Davis from about the Supply, anchored in the Gulf of Tunis, reporting that three camels were safely aboard the ship. For the following seven months the two officers sailed from port to port in the Mediterranean, endeavoring to obtain camels. Every few weeks they would send highly detailed letters back to Jefferson Davis in Washington, detailing their latest adventures. Making stops in Egypt, present day Syria, and the Crimea, Wayne and Porter became fairly proficient camel traders. At times they were sold camels which exhibited signs of ill-health. In Egypt a government official tried to give them camels which the Americans recognized as poor specimens. Two camels they wanted to dispose of were sold to a butcher in Cairo. By the beginning of 1856 the hold of USS Supply was filling up with camels. Lieutenant Porter had designed a special small boat which contained a box, dubbed the camel car, which was used to ferry camels from land to the ship. The camel car would be hoisted aboard, and lowered down to the deck used to house the camels. By February 1856 the ship, carrying 31 camels and two calves, set sail for America. Also aboard and headed to Texas were three Arabs and two Turks, who had been hired to help tend to the camels. The trip across the Atlantic was plagued by bad weather, but the camels were finally landed in Texas in early May 1856. As only a portion of the Congressional expenditure had been spent, Secretary of War Davis directed Lieutenant Porter to return to the Mediterranean aboard USS Supply and bring back another load of camels. Major Wayne would remain in Texas, testing the initial group. Camels in Texas During the summer of 1856 Major Wayne marched the camels from the port of Indianola to San Antonio. From there they proceeded to an army outpost, Camp Verde, about 60 miles southwest of San Antonio. Major Wayne began using the camels for routine jobs, such as shuttling supplies from San Antonio to the fort. He discovered the camels could carry much more weight than pack mules, and with the proper instruction soldiers had little problem handling them. When Lieutenant Porter returned from his second voyage, bringing an additional 44 animals, the total herd was about 70 camels of various types. (Some calves had been born and were thriving, though some adult camels had died.) The experiments with camels at Camp Verde were considered a success by Jefferson Davis, who prepared a comprehensive report on the project, which was published as a book in 1857. But when Franklin Pierce left office and James Buchanan became president in March 1857, Davis left the War Department. The new secretary of war, John B. Floyd, was convinced the project was practical, and sought Congressional appropriations to purchase an additional 1,000 camels. But his idea received no support on Capitol Hill. The U.S. Army never imported camels beyond the two shiploads brought back by Lieutenant Porter. Legacy of the Camel Corps The late 1850s was not a good time for a military experiment. The Congress was becoming increasingly fixated on the nations impending split over slavery. The great patron of the camel experiment, Jefferson Davis, returned to the U.S. Senate, representing Mississippi. As the nation moved closer to Civil War, its likely the last thing on his mind was the importation of camels. In Texas, the Camel Corps remained, but the once promising project encountered problems. Some of the camels were sent to remote outposts, to be used as pack animals, but some soldiers disliked using them. And there were problems stabling the camels near horses, who became agitated by their presence. In late 1857 an Army Lieutenant named Edward Beale was assigned to make a wagon road from a fort in New Mexico to California. Beale used about 20 camels, along with other pack animals, and reported that the camels performed very well. For the next few years Lieutenant Beale used camels during exploratory expeditions in the Southwest. And as the Civil War began his contingent of camels was stationed in California. Though the Civil War was known for some innovative experiments, such as the Balloon Corps, Lincolns use of the telegraph, and inventions such as ironclads, no one revived the idea of using camels in the military. The camels in Texas mostly fell into Confederate hands, and seemed to serve no military purpose during the Civil War. It is believed most of them were sold to traders and wound up in the hands of circuses in Mexico. In 1864 the federal herd of camels in California was sold to a businessman who then sold them to zoos and traveling shows. Some camels were apparently released into the wild in the Southwest, and for years cavalry troops would occasionally report seeing small groups of wild camels.

Visual art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Visual art - Essay Example However, it is also evident that Spanish cinema has an increasingly international appeal with added creativity and dynamism than at any time in its history. Results released by the Spanish film board shows that Spanish films have grossed more than $143 million in 2013despite funding cuts that have been a result of austerity measures (Dennison 16). This is the best performance ever by the industry, which can be attributed, among other things, to the conscious attempts by the industry to appeal to a global audience base. Some of the best films I have watched in the last year include â€Å"The Impossible† that I believe is the best local Spanish film of all time, which earned an Oscar nomination. â€Å"I Want you† by Fernando Molina and â€Å"Tad, the Lost Explorer† were also local hits that gained international recognition in this period. These films also grossed $50 million, $15 million, and  million locally, while making double the amount globally, indicating a renaissance for the Spanish film industry (Dennison 34). This year has also begun brightly with â€Å"Mama† produced by Guillermo Toro and starring Jessica Chastain, which was also successful in the US, beginning its run in at the top of the box office. However, it is also important to note that these successful films began production over four years ago; mostly because of a decline in government, funding that was widely criticized in the Spanish media. The last year and half have been the most successful for the Spanish film industry according to the Spanish media, especially due to its simultaneous international and local appeal. For example, the four nominees at the GOYA awards this year for best picture, â€Å"Unit 7†, â€Å"The Artist and the Model†, â€Å"The Impossible†, and â€Å"Blancanieves†, were especially appealing to local audience as they tackled the theme of crisis, which has been emblematic of Spain in the last five years (Dennison 34). However, my interest in the Spanish

The Influence of Capoeira on Hip Hop Dance Forms Research Paper

The Influence of Capoeira on Hip Hop Dance Forms - Research Paper Example This Afro-Brazilian form is called capoeira, a game of movement in which the intent is to mimic fighting moves to outdo an opponent. Capoeira is uniquely suited for the origins of Hip Hop and aspects of it can be found throughout the culture. According to Emmett George Price, hip-hop evolved in the 1970’s as a reactionary cultural movement based on concepts that evolved from the civil rights movements of the 1960’s (1). Price says that the movement is considered to have begun in the Bronx in New York where the neighborhood had developed into an impoverished, gang-based culture that thrived through violence and criminal behavior (9). The gangs provided a sort of â€Å"family’ for the displaced youths that suffered from inadequacies of all types from low-quality nutrition, poor educational opportunities, and a bleak future outlook. Under the leadership of Afrika Bambaataa who rose to lead a gang named the Black Spades, an alternative to violent conflict between the gangs arose to fill the needs of the adversarial youths. Hip-hop developed from a need to find respect and honor without entering into a battlefield of bloodshed. Hip-hop culture developed through a need to find a way to save a culture from its own violent destruction. As ‘crews’ developed rap and movements intended to outdo rival groups, the appeal began to spread and become commercialized. Where the origins of the music developed for private purposes, the commercial potential began to find its way into the music industry. With the release of Sugar Hill’s Gang’s work titled â€Å"Rapper’s Delight†, the revolution of the music industry began. As the music industry developed, so did the dance associated with the music and the culture worked its way into mainstream American entertainment (Fitzgerald 42). Hip-hop is urban and global, a representation from the poor inner-city youth that has expanded into a multi-million dollar financial benefit.

According to Raz, the sources thesis is essential

According to Raz, the sources thesis is essential According to Raz, the sources thesis is essential to the authority of law. Does it follow from his account that authority is at heart a matter of power (as a sceptic would maintain) rather than a rational virtue? Can Raz avoid this conclusion and remain a positivist? It is contended that Raz and his articulation of legal positivism remains intact after careful analysis, if somewhat buffeted by the arguments inherent in the question as posed. To fully appreciate the concept of authority as Raz develops it, one must first consider how Raz has defined the sources thesis and its relationship to the authority of law. The source thesis as developed by Raz is the culmination of his logical progression in the development of a flexible and comprehensive tool to define legal positivism. Raz fashions a three headed thesis comprised of social, moral and semantic components, of which the social thesis is the most important.[1] Raz emphatically states that what the law is and what it is not is a social fact –his corollary proposition is that a rule is only a legal rule if it meets a social condition.[2] Raz proceeded in his analysis to articulate how the social thesis becomes a cornerstone for the justification of law as a social institution, a concept tightly allied by Raz to three elements that determine the true existence of such systems – efficacy, institutional character and the source of law. In this context, Raz elevates the source thesis to one of both complexity and prominence. It is submitted that Raz in his definition of both efficacy and institutional character as separate tests that identify the existence of a legal system, in fact renders them as sub-compartments of his source thesis. Raz is certain that the source thesis, an acknowledgement that all law is fully determined by its social sources, is the most important element of a legal system.[3] He defines his social sources as including any extraneous 'interpretative sources'[4] that may exist in a society. Raz stipulates that a law has a source if its contents and existence can be determined without resort to moral arguments. Raz thus includes both legislation and a wide range of societal facts as defining the law and its authority. The Raz definition of law as an aggregation of community and societal custom, habits, and shared perspectives is a far cry from the seminal Austin concepts of legal positivism, ones centred upon the notion of a irrefutable ‘sovereign power’ that promulgates law as a command that is reciprocally enforced by sanction, all crisply delineated from any moral considerations.[5] In contrast, it is plain that Raz perceives the authority of the law in less stark and more indirect terms than Austin would have accepted. The source thesis as posited by Raz has two functions. The first is its utility in categorising and systemising the interconnected aspects of law (a purpose that all legal positivists from Austin onwards would endorse). The second function is to provide publicly ascertainable standards that are binding upon society.[6] The state power as contemplated by Raz to achieve these legal societal purposes is held in a collective sense by the community; there is no supreme and authoritative sovereign lawgiver in the Raz model. However, it is equally plain that Raz does not attribute ‘rational virtue’ to his concept of authority. By definition, virtue is a moral consideration and therefore one that Raz and positivists generally would not permit to enter the authority equation. On the subject of unvirtuous law, Raz suggested that ‘†¦Even a bad law, as the inevitable official doctrine, should be obeyed for as long as it is in force, while lawful action is taken to try and bring about its amendment or repeal’. It is submitted that this perspective internalizes authority to within the society, consistent with Raz’ thesis that law is fully determined from social sources.[7] Raz considers the question of power in relation to law in another sense that bears upon the present question. Raz has stated in a number of his works that consistent with the source based notion of all law, the authority to create or administer the law must be either legitimate or de facto.[8] The use of the term ‘authority’ has a strong power connotation; legal systems may only claim legitimacy through an implicit or express assertion that the system possesses the power to maintain such authority. The power to adjudicate legal issues and to the ability to maintain regulatory and enforcement systems places the legal system in a position of supremacy within a society, but it is a supremacy derived from societal forces and desires and not a sovereign influence in the Austinian positivist sense. It is submitted that in the Raz interpretation of the institutional character of the law, the legitimate legal system will inevitably reflect the social fact of the society. In this fashion Raz closes a philosophical loop in his conclusion that ‘†¦conformity to moral values or ideals is in no way a condition for anything being a law or legally binding. Hence, the law's conformity to moral values and ideals is not necessary[9]. It is this proposition that cements the Raz position as one within the positivist camp. Bibliography George, Robert P., (ed.) The Autonomy of Law: Essays on Legal Positivism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) George, Robert P. What Is Law? A Century of Arguments. First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life Apr. 2001:23 Raz, Joseph. Ethics in the Public Domain: Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics (Revised ed.) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) Raz, Joseph. Practical Reasons and Norms (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979) Raz, Joseph. The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979) Footnotes [1] The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979), 37; see also Practical Reasons and Norms (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002), 161, 162 ibid, 40 [2] ibid, 43-46 4 ibid, 47 [3]5 Austin, John. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (New York: B. Franklin, 1970), 6 Raz, 51 [4] [5]5 Austin, John. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (New York: B. Franklin, 1970), 6 Raz, 51 7Joseph Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain: Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics, Revised ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) [6] [7] [8] Ethics, 216 [9] Ethics, 217

Gun Violence

There are many kind of violence in the world, and the most common and deadly is gun-related violence. Not surprisingly, gun violence is one of the major public concerns in the American society. Interestingly, gun violence is also most common in urban areas and it is in close conjunction with youth activity and gang violence. There are many violent crime related to guns and the presence of guns often would trigger many violent crimes. Since 1865, President Abraham Lincoln, President James Garfield, President William McKinley, and President John F. Kennedy were assassinated, and the gun violence for Americans has become quite common. Moreover, high profile gun violence incidents, such as the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and more recently, the Columbine High School massacre, the Beltway sniper attacks, and the Virginia Tech massacre have also fueled debate over gun policies. According to the report, prevalence of homicide and violent crime is greatest in urba n areas of the United States. In metropolitan areas, the homicide rate in 2005 was 6. 1 per 100,000 compared with 3. in non-metropolitan counties (fbi. gov). In America, cities with populations greater than 250,000, the mean homicide rate was 12. 1 per 100,000 (fbi. gov), and the rates of gun-related homicides are greater in southern and western states. In America, to get a gun is somewhat easy. It is not expensive and there are many firearms available. According to the report, among juveniles, the minor under the age of 16, 17, or 18, serving in correctional facilities, 86% owned a gun at some time, and 66% acquiring their first gun by age 14 (fbi. ov). Juveniles most often acquire guns from family, friends, drug dealers, and street contacts. In inner city, youth cite â€Å"self-protection from enemies† as the top reason for carrying a gun. Moreover, the mind of youth is immature, and they usually be impetuous and easily given to passions or act on impulse and without due consideration. This is shown in statistics that most violent crimes related to guns were committed by the youths. Even though gun itself is neutral, we cannot deny the potential danger elated with guns. Guns are meant to protect the people, but it often used as a tool to commit violent crimes. Therefore, establishing the laws and the limitations to prevention the youth to touch guns is important. Also, families and schools should educate and guide our youths more carefully. Don’t let our society become more and more dangerous and give our offspring a safe living space by promoting stricter firearm controls and zero tolerance on youth gun possession. Gun Violence Gun Violence Gun violence, in the United States especially, is a growing concern and highly debated topic when the discussion of gun control is brought up. Here are several facts that I found to be troubling, and even disturbing. * The average of guns deaths in the annual is less than 50 in Japan compared to more than 10,000 in the United States. (http://www. heedinggodscall. org/content/pfctoolkit-10) The number of gun related deaths in the United States dwarfs that of Japan annually, perhaps a sign of the overwhelming amount of gang violence in the U.S. * The per capita gun death rate in Louisiana is the highest annually in the United States at 19. 04%. The lowest per capita death rate is help in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Hawaii at a mere 2. 02%. (http://www. heedinggodscall. org/content/pfctoolkit-10) Per 100,000 people, almost twenty percent of the population would die in a gun related homicide. That number seems incredibly high. * Lifetime U. S. edical costs for gunshot in juries are an estimated $2. 3 billion, with U. S. taxpayers paying $1. 1 billion, almost half of the total. (http://www. heedinggodscall. org/content/pfctoolkit-10) In an effort to keep that number down, it might be smart to put a little more funding into law enforcement to keep guns out of criminal’s hands in the first place. * Guns in a household triple the risk of a family member being killed by a gun. (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. ov/pubmed/8371731) I don’t know how I feel about this statistic as the use of a firearm for protection can save a life even though this stat says that the gun in the household makes it immediately more dangerous. * A 1993 study gathered that 2. 45 million crimes are thwarted by guns in the United States every year. (LaPierre, Wayne (1994). Guns, Crime, and Freedom. Regnery Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 0-89526-477-3. ) This is the other side of gun possession seen as a positive. With guns as a protection, regular citizens can protect themselves from potential danger. Gun Violence Gun Violence Gun violence, in the United States especially, is a growing concern and highly debated topic when the discussion of gun control is brought up. Here are several facts that I found to be troubling, and even disturbing. * The average of guns deaths in the annual is less than 50 in Japan compared to more than 10,000 in the United States. (http://www. heedinggodscall. org/content/pfctoolkit-10) The number of gun related deaths in the United States dwarfs that of Japan annually, perhaps a sign of the overwhelming amount of gang violence in the U.S. * The per capita gun death rate in Louisiana is the highest annually in the United States at 19. 04%. The lowest per capita death rate is help in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Hawaii at a mere 2. 02%. (http://www. heedinggodscall. org/content/pfctoolkit-10) Per 100,000 people, almost twenty percent of the population would die in a gun related homicide. That number seems incredibly high. * Lifetime U. S. edical costs for gunshot in juries are an estimated $2. 3 billion, with U. S. taxpayers paying $1. 1 billion, almost half of the total. (http://www. heedinggodscall. org/content/pfctoolkit-10) In an effort to keep that number down, it might be smart to put a little more funding into law enforcement to keep guns out of criminal’s hands in the first place. * Guns in a household triple the risk of a family member being killed by a gun. (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. ov/pubmed/8371731) I don’t know how I feel about this statistic as the use of a firearm for protection can save a life even though this stat says that the gun in the household makes it immediately more dangerous. * A 1993 study gathered that 2. 45 million crimes are thwarted by guns in the United States every year. (LaPierre, Wayne (1994). Guns, Crime, and Freedom. Regnery Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 0-89526-477-3. ) This is the other side of gun possession seen as a positive. With guns as a protection, regular citizens can protect themselves from potential danger.

Definition and Examples of Reduced Adverb(ial) Clauses

Slavery During The Ancient Era - 1528 Words

Marris Clark History 201 – Section 17 Slavery in the Ancient Era Slavery has been a custom for almost as long as humans have dominated the land on Earth. Even since before history was documented, slavery has been assumed to exist. Slavery, in our current culture, is widely frowned upon and seen as morally wrong, but that has not always been the case. In ancient times, slavery served an array of purposes that helped benefit their way of life. Aside from the fact that humans were enslaving other humans whom were just as equal as themselves, slavery proved to be an efficient system in the ancient era because it helped develop social classes, stimulate the economy, and was a key source of labor around the farm and community. When slavery†¦show more content†¦In the ancient days, this was something very important. Being strong and rich might have showed that you had power, that you could defend what was yours, and make room to attain more of what you wanted. Being weak and poor, might have displayed poor work ethic to those around because you could not provide. Determining who was upper and lower class, even though long ago, had to start from somewhere. A time when certain individuals or groups had something new and unique that was something that others strived to attain, or considered holy. When something is treasured or is wanted by others, that gives the holder of this possession, whether it be beauty, luxuries, or new things never seen before, the power. Individuals did not always come to power just because they possessed something that everyone wanted, some were not born into high class, royalty, or power, some took it by force. Therefore separating the weak from the strong, and the strongest rising to power. When people began overpowering other individuals, because that is just a humanistic nature, that is when the determination of classes came about, and people were classified as slaves, because they did not fit into society anywhere else. Slavery helped determine social classes because it was considered the lowest of the low, and people definitely treated slaves as so. They served an array of purposes, and were helpful in many different areas in the community in which they were located. It all